Study on Quality Standard of Smilacina japonica / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE:To establish the quality standard of Smilacina japonica. METHODS: S. japonica was identified qualitatively in respects of original plant morphology,character,microscopic identification,TLC,etc. The moisture,ash and extract of medicinal materials were determined. The content of(25S)-17α-hydroxy-5α-spirostane-9-ene-3β-O-β-D-glucopyranoyl-(1→2)-[ β-D-xylanosyl(1→3)]-β-D-glucopyranoyl(1→4)-β-D-galactopyranoside(SJ-13) was determined by HPLC. The determination was performed on Waters SunFire C18column with mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile-water(35∶65,V/V)at the flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. The detection wavelength was set at 203 nm and the column temperature was 20 ℃. The sample size was 10 μ L. RESULTS:The original plant was perennial herbal,with height of 30-60 cm. The surface of the medicinal material was brown to brownish brown,with wrinkle and 1 row cells in epidermis. The powder of medicinal material was grayish yellow and contained large amount of acicular crystal. TLC spots were clear and well-separated. The content of moisture was 5.26%-8.88%;the content of total ash was 4.60%-28.86%;the acid-insoluble ash was 1.56%-23.39%,water extract was 23.84%-51.26% and alcohol extract was 22.65%-57.36%. The linear range of SJ-13 were 8.92-31.22 μg(r＝0.999 9). RSDs of precision,stability and reproducibility tests were all lower than 1%. The average recoveries were 97.0%-99.2%(RSD＝0.8%,n＝6). RSD of durability test was lower than 1%. The content of SJ-13 was 4.40-29.80 mg/g in 10 batches of medicinal samples. CONCLUSIONS:The content of water, total ash,acid insoluble components should not exceed 11%,35%,28%;the content of water extract,alcohol extract and SJ-13 should not be less than 19%,18% and 4.40 mg/g,respectively. Established standard can be used for the quality control of S. japonica.

Analysis on Chemical Compositions and Antioxidant Activity of Different Processing Decoction Pieces of Rosae Laevigatae Fructus / 中国中医药信息杂志

Objective To investigate the honey and bran of processing for chemical compositions of Rosae Laevigatae Fructus.Methods With total polyphenols, total saponins, total polysaccharides and amino acids as the evaluation indexes, changes of the chemical compositions of these four chemical components in Raw product, honey products, bran products of Rosae Laevigatae Fructus were studied; in vitro activity of DPPH radical clearance for evaluation index, antioxidant activity of raw products, honey products, bran products of Rosae Laevigatae Fructus were compared.Results Raw products, honey products, and bran products of total saponin content were 3.332%, 4.880%, and 4.572%; total phenolic contents were 1.92%, 6.38%, and 7.30%; total polysaccharide contents were 35.99%, 40.38%, and 36.86%; the total amino acid contents were 0.67%, 0.76%, and 0.96%. Total polyphenol, total saponins, total polysaccharides, and total amino acids of Rosae Laevigatae Fructus after processing increased, in which the total polyphenol was most obvious; DPPH radical scavenging IC50 of raw products, honey products, and bran products were 0.47, 0.51, and 0.22 mg, respectively.Conclusion Compared with raw product, the content of chemical fractions in honey products and bran products of Rosae Laevigatae Fructus increase, and oxidation resistance is enhanced.

Effects of Steaming Orange Magnoliavine Fruit with Vinegar on Pharmacokinetics in Rats / 中国中医药信息杂志

Objective To study the effects of steaming Orange Magnoliavine Fruit with vinegar on the lignan metabolism in rats.Methods The rats were fed with same amount of extracts:Orange Magnoliavine Fruit before and after steaming processing with vinegar. Then plasma samples were collected at different times and determined contents of schisantherin A and deoxyschizandrin by HPLC to draw drug concentration in blood-time curve. The pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated with DAS2.0 analysis software.Results Pharmacokinetic model of schisantherin A and deoxyschizandrin in rats accorded with one compartment model. Plasma concentration in rats under the condition of Orange Magnoliavine Fruit samples before and after steaming processing with vinegar was:Tmax of schisantherin A was determined with (4.250±1.523), (5.750±1.784)h respectively, Cmax with (2.197±0.995), (2.815±0.842)μg/mL respectively, T1/2 with (2.654±0.377), (3.504±0.856)h respectively. Tmax of deoxyschizandrin was determined with (3.250±1.836), (4.250±1.471)h respectively, Cmax with (1.922±0.773), (2.307±0.602)μg/mL, T1/2 with (2.111±1.185), (3.242±2.126)h. Orange Magnoliavine Fruit before and after steaming processing with vinegar exhibited differences in pharmacokinetic parameters in rats.Conclusion The pharmacokinetic parameters of schisantherin A and deoxyschizandrin showed that the steaming processing with vinegar on Orange Magnoliavine Fruit can slow down lignan metabolism in vivo.

The Expression of PIK3CA in Gastric Adenocarcinoma / 天津医药

Objective To investigate the relationship between phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase catalytic subunit α(PIK3CA) expression and the incidence and different pathological grade of gastric cancer, and the mechanism thereof. Meth-ods The expressions of PIK3CA, serine/threonine protein kinase (pAkt) and cell proliferation associated nuclear antigen (ki-67) in gastric carcinoma and adjacent tissues and normal gastric mucosa were detected by immunohistochemical method. The relationship between expressions of PIK3CA, pAkt and ki-67 and tumorigenesis was analyzed. The expressions of PIK3CA, pAkt and ki-67 in different pathological conditions of gastric tissues were analyzed. The relationship between tu-mor pathologic classification and differentiation were analyzed too. Results There were significantly higher expressions of PIK3CA, pAkt and ki-67 in gastric cancer (P＜0.05), which were the highest in the poorly differentiated gastric adenocarci-noma (P＜0.05). There were a positive correlation between expressions of PIK3CA, pAkt and ki-67 and different pathologi-cal levels of gastric carcinoma and adjacent tissues and normal gastric tissues (P＜0.05). Conclusion PIK3CA may be the initiating factor of PI3K/Akt signaling pathway, which induced phosphorylation of Akt and activation PI3K/Akt signaling pathway, promoting the proliferation, invasion and metastasis of gastric adenocarcinoma.

Quickly investigating the absorption ingredients of Gentianae Radix et Rhizoma by SEMAC / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To establish a method for quickly investigating the absorption ingredients which could be used as the index of quality control of Gentianae Radix et Rhizoma.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>The absorption ingredients of Gentianae Radix et Rhizoma were investigated by using the model of in vitro everted intestinal sac (VEIS). The intestinal sac liquors of jejunum and ileum were collected at 6 intervals (15, 30, 45, 60, 90, 120 min) and gentiopicroside, loganin acid, swertiamarin and sweroside were detected by HPLC as the representative marker. The accumulative absorption quantity of gentiopicroside, loganin acid, swertiamarin and sweroside were calculated, respectively.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Six components could be detected in intestinal sac. In different concentrations of Gentianae Radix et Rhizoma, gentiopicroside and swertiamarin in various intestinal sections were the linear absorption (R2 > 0.9), conformed to zero order absorption rate. In jejunum the constant of absorption rate (Ka) of gentiopicroside and swertiamarin increased with the raised dosage of Gentianae Radix et Rhizoma (P < 0.05), which indicated a passive absorption manner, and the value of Ka of high and middle dosage of those in ileum were higher than that of low dosage, and the difference of Ka between high and middle dosage were not significant, which indicated a positive absorption manner. The Ka of high and middle dosage of sweroside in ileum and jejunum were higher than that of low dosage (P < 0.05), and the difference of Ka between high and middle dosage were not significant, which indicated a positive absorption manner. The Ka of loganin acid in jejunum and ileum increased along with the raised dosage of Gentianae Radix et Rhizoma (P < 0.05), which indicated a passive absorption manner.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>SEMAC could be used as a tool to investigate the absorption ingredients of Gentianae Radix et Rhizoma. Drug in intestine sac was selective, and the absorption part of intestine was also different.</p>

HPLC characteristic fingerprint of Moghania philippinensis root / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study HPLC characteristic fingerprint of Moghania philippinensis and provide a reliable method for scientific evaluation and quality control.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>The chromatographic separation was performed on a Kromasil C15 column (4.6 mm x 250 mm, 5 microm). The mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile and water containing 0.3% acetic acid in gradient elution. The column temperature was set at 40 degrees C and the detection wavelength was at 254 nm.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>The developed HPLC fingerprint method above was applied to analyze 23 batches of crude herbs of Moghania philippinensis. The total 22 peaks were selected as the characteristic peaks. And five of them were identified as genistein, genistin, 5,7,3',4'-tetrahydroxy-6,8-diprenylisoflavone, 5,7,4'-trihydroxy-6,8-diprenylisoflavone and flemiphilippinin E by matching their retention time, UV spectra data with those of the authentic chemical reference substances.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The method is simple, accurate and reproducible. It is suitable for the quality control of M. philippinensis.</p>

HPLC determination of chikusetsusaponin IVa in Rhizoma Panacis Majoris from different producing areas / 中国中药杂志

To determinate the chikusetsusaponin IVa in Rhizoma Panacis Majoris from different producing areas. The HPLC separation was performed on a Inertsil ODS-sp column (4.6 mm x 150 mm, 5 microm). A mixture of acetonitrile and 0.2% phosphoric acid solution (35:65) as the mobile phase the column. Temperature was set in 30 degrees C. The flow rate was 1.0 mL x min(-1), and the wave length of the detector is 203 nm. The content of the chikusetsusaponin IVa in Rhizoma Panacis Majoris from Meixian, Shaanxi is the highest and the lowest is from Enshi, Hubei. There have most differerence among the content of the chikusetsusaponin IVa in Rhizoma Panacis Majoris from different producing areas.

The relationship of MMP-9, VEGF and PCNA expressions and their clinical significance in gastric adenocarcinoma / 中华内科杂志

Objective To investigate abnormal protein expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) in human gastric adenoearcinoma, and further reveal the clinical significance. Method The MMP-9, VEGF and PCNA proteins expression was determined by immunohistochemistry staining in 45 gastric adenocarcinoma tissues, 45 adjacent specimens and 10 normal gastric mucosa tissues via tissue arrays accordingly. The relationship of these protein expression with differentiation degree, development and progression of gastric adenocarcinoma were also analyzed. Results Positive rates of MMP-9, VEGF and PCNA in gastric adenocarcinoma, adjacent specimens and gastric normal mucosa were as follows: MMP-9, 82.2%(37/45), 64.4% (29/45), 30.0% (3/10) (P=0.019); VEGF, 73.3% (33/45), 62.2% (28/45), 30. 0% (3/10) (P=0.029); PCNA,84.4% (38/45), 71.1% (32/45), 10.0% (1/10) ,there were statistically significant difference (P = 0. 001). The positive rates of MMP-9, VEGF and PCNA in well-differentiated adenocarcinoma, moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma and poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma were as follows: MMP-9,70.0%(7/10), 80. 0% (8/10), 88.0%(22/25), there were statistically significant difference (P=0.015);VEGF, 50.0%(5/10), 60.0% (6/10), 88.0% (22/25), there were statistically significant difference (P =0.000);PCNA, 60.0% (6/10) ,90.0% (9/10) ,92.0% (23/25) ,the difference is significant statistically (P = 0.004). The expression of MMP-9, VEGF and PCNA showed positive relationship with each other by rank correlation analysis (P < 0. 05). Conclusion Tissue arrays technology is effective tool to analyze the expression of cancer related proteins in gastric adenocarcinoma. The expression of MMP-9, VEGF and PCNA proteins participates in the tumorigenesis and development process of gastric adenocarcinoma, and these can be used as indexes to evaluate prognosis in clinical.

PROTECTIVE EFFECT OF CHITIN ON HUMAN UMBILICAL VEIN ENDOTHELIAL CELLS (HUVECs) INJURED BY OXYGEN FREE RADICALS IN VITRO / 中国海洋药物

The effect of chitin on human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) injured by oxygen free radicals was investigated in vitro. The degree of injury was determined by the amount of malondialdehyde (MDA) and lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) in the culture medium. The results indicated that chitin could reduce the amount of MDA and LDH significantly, showing that chitin could protect HUVECs from oxygen free radicals injury.

Quality standard for prepared pieces of Rhizoma Panacis Majoris / 中成药

AIM: To establish quality standard for prepared pieces of Rhizoma Panacis Majoris. METHODS: Traditional identification and TLC were used for qualitative analysis of prepared pieces. The contents of ginsenoside Ro and chikusetsusaponin IVa were determined by HPLC. Water,ash and acid-insoluble ash were also detected. RESULTS: The average content of ginsenoside Ro was 7. 19% ,chikusetsusaponin IVa was 3. 16% from different habitants. CONCLUSION: The established method has been proved to be simple,stable,accurate,and can be applied to the determination of ginsenoside Ro and chikusetsusaponin IVa in Rhizoma Panacis Majoris. The quality control standards for Rhizoma Panacis Majoris is normative and the result is accurate.

Analysis of processing principle of Fructus Schisandrae Sphenantherae by steaming with wine / 中成药

AIM: To study the processing principle of Fructus Schisandrae Sphenantherae steamed with wine. METHODS: The content of volatile oil was measured by means of volatile oil measuring method and identified by TLC. The total lignans was determined by spectrophotometry and the water-soluble extractive was measured by determination of extractive method. RESULTS: The volatile oil content in Fruetus Schisandrae Sphenantherae by steaming with wine decreased by 35.3%, TLC showed that a new spot was added; the lignans content had an increase of 28.9% and the water extractive was 2% less than in crude drug. CONCLUSION: Tranditional process is reasonable.